Virginia AI Impact Observatory · vawattsowed.com

Where does your
AI prompt go?

Type any prompt to see its electrical, water, and carbon footprint, and which model does the same job for the least environmental cost.

Anthropic
OpenAI
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Live data · Updates continuously

Live Data

Real-time energy and water numbers across Virginia, the US, and the world.

Virginia
Ticking since page load · EIA government data
Data Center Electricity Since Load
0.000
MWh
0 homes powered for one hour
= 0 EV batteries fully charged
Updating every frame
Where does this number come from?

25 TWh/year (JLARC 2024) ÷ 31,557,600 sec = 792 kWh/sec · Accumulates from page load via requestAnimationFrame

Data Center Water Used Since Load
0
Liters
For cooling in Northern Virginia data centers
= 0 full bathtubs  ·  0 yrs of one person's drinking water
Updating every frame
Where does this number come from?

792 kWh/sec × 1.8 L/kWh (WUE, Li et al. 2023) = 1,425 L/sec · Accumulates from page load

Total Electricity Sales, All Sectors
MWh / month
All customer sectors combined
= average Virginia homes' full-year electricity use
Connecting to EIA…
Where does this number come from?

EIA Open Data API v2 · retail-sales endpoint · facets[stateid][]=VA · All sectors summed for most recent month

United States
EIA government data · Resets midnight UTC
Total Electricity Sales, All Sectors
TWh / month
All US states and sectors combined
= days of total US electricity demand
Connecting to EIA…
Where does this number come from?

EIA Open Data API v2 · facets[stateid][]=US · All sectors summed for most recent month · Displayed in TWh (MWh ÷ 1,000,000)

AI Workload Electricity Today
0
GWh today
Estimated US AI electricity consumed since midnight UTC
= 0 average US homes powered for a full day
Updated every minute
Where does this number come from?

IEA Electricity 2025: US AI workloads ~40 TWh/year = 109.6 GWh/day · Accumulates from midnight UTC proportionally to seconds elapsed

World
IEA 2025 projections · Resets midnight UTC
Global AI Electricity Today
0
GWh today
All AI inference and training globally since midnight UTC
= 0 transatlantic round-trip flights (NYC → London)
Updated every minute
Where does this number come from?

IEA Electricity 2025: global AI workloads ~200 TWh/year = 547.9 GWh/day · Accumulates from midnight UTC

Global Data Center Electricity Today
0
GWh today
All data centers worldwide (AI + cloud + enterprise) since midnight UTC
= 0 United Kingdoms' entire daily electricity demand
Updated every minute
Where does this number come from?

IEA Electricity 2025: global data centers ~460 TWh/year = 1,260 GWh/day · Accumulates from midnight UTC

Local impact · Ticking live

Virginia Right Now

Data centers in Northern Virginia consume roughly 25% of the state's total electricity. Here is what that means for you, today.

0
liters of water
Used by Virginia data centers for cooling since you loaded this page
= 0 Olympic swimming pools
0
kWh of electricity
Drawn by Virginia data centers since you loaded this page
= powering 0 homes for one hour

Where Virginia's Data Centers Are

Dot size = installed capacity. Northern Virginia is the largest data center market on Earth.

300+ facilities statewide
3,400 MW installed capacity
~25% of state electricity grid
Hyperscale cluster (1,000+ MW) Major cluster (100–999 MW) Secondary (<100 MW) CBRE 2024 · JLL Research · Loudoun County Economic Development

Virginia vs. Major Data Center Markets

Northern Virginia hosts more data center capacity than any other metro on earth. Here is how it compares to other major hubs, and what that concentration means for the grid.

Installed Capacity by Metro (MW, 2024) Source: CBRE North America Data Center Trends H2 2024
Northern Virginia VA
3,400 MW
Dallas–Fort Worth TX
2,200 MW
Silicon Valley CA
1,800 MW
Chicago IL
1,400 MW
Atlanta GA
1,100 MW
Phoenix AZ
800 MW
Portland / Oregon OR
500 MW
Virginia California Texas Georgia
Annual DC energy (TWh/yr) ~35 ~18 ~22 ~10
Share of state electricity grid ~25% ~5% ~8% ~12%
Avg. residential rate (¢/kWh) 14.2¢ 28.5¢ 12.6¢ 13.1¢
Grid carbon intensity (g CO₂/kWh) 350 210 435 385
Water use intensity (L/kWh) 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.9
DC water regs / disclosure law None SB 1110 (2023) None None
Renewable energy % (state grid) 14% 59% 31% 16%

Sources: CBRE H2 2024 · EIA Electric Power Monthly 2024 · EPA eGRID 2022 · California SB 1110 · Cushman & Wakefield DC Report 2024

What Dominion Rate Changes Mean for You

Year Monthly Change Annual Impact Primary Driver
2024 Baseline Last full year before increase
2026 +$11.24 / month +$134.88 / year First base-rate increase since 1992; PJM capacity costs, data center grid investment
2027–2028 +$15–25 / month (projected) +$180–300 / year Continued PJM cost pass-through, new transmission lines, grid hardening for data centers
Regulatory landscape · Refreshes every hour

Policy Watch

Virginia is ground zero for AI infrastructure regulation. This is not advocacy; it is awareness of what is happening and what is at stake.

LATEST Loading…
Fetching latest data…

Virginia Mercury, Utility Dive, Data Center Knowledge, Hacker News: filtered for Virginia energy policy. Updates every hour.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, and EPA official releases: unfiltered government data and announcements.

Real Virginia General Assembly bills related to data centers, electricity rates, and grid reliability. Add a free LegiScan API key to config.js to activate.

Regulatory Timeline Manually updated

Who's Saying What

Forward-Looking Risk Factors

Full transparency

Methodology

Every number is documented. Every estimate is explained. Here is exactly how this site works.

How the Numbers Are Calculated

About This Project

WattsOwed is an independent research project focused on making the real resource costs of AI infrastructure tangible and understandable for everyday Virginians, people affected through their electricity bills, water supply, and grid reliability.

If you are an educator, researcher, journalist, or advocate who wants to share or build on this data, please reach out. This site is open-source and hosted on GitHub Pages.

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